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1954 – 1962

War of Independence

“A nation that wrote its name in fire, and is still learning to write it in peace.”

Just after midnight on November 1, 1954, gunfire echoed through the Aurès Mountains — the FLN had risen. Eight years of sacrifice followed, until on July 5, 1962, Algeria stood free at last.

Curator's note

The War of Independence is remembered for its battles, but its deepest legacy is an idea: that a people could reclaim the right to write their own history. Its sacrifices still define how Algeria sees itself.

Museum curator
Historical significance

From the first shots of 1 November 1954 to today, this is the era Algerians live inside — and the one they argue about the most.

Major developments
Soummam, 1956

In a Kabyle valley, the revolution gave itself a constitution — and a debate about power that never quite ended.

5 July 1962

Independence at last, exactly 132 years after the French landing — a date carried inside almost every Algerian family story.

A young, multilingual country

Arabic, Tamazight and French live side by side in the same conversation — sometimes the same sentence.

Key places
  • Casbah of Algiers
    Heart of the urban resistance.
  • Aurès Mountains
    Where the revolution's first shots were fired.
Key moments
  • The revolution began with coordinated attacks on November 1, 1954 — 'Toussaint Rouge'.
  • Independence Day is celebrated every July 5th across Algeria.
  • The film 'The Battle of Algiers' (1966) is still studied in military academies.
  • Women fighters carried messages and bombs through the Casbah.
  • The FLN's green-and-white flag with a red crescent and star became Algeria's symbol.
  • Ahmed Ben Bella became Algeria's first president after independence.
  • July 5 was chosen — exactly 132 years after French troops landed in 1830.
  • The war shaped how the world thought about decolonization.
Cultural impact
"Throw the revolution into the street, and the people will carry it."
Larbi Ben M'hidi
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